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Mir Qasim

Nawab of Bengal (reign –)

For other uses, see Mir Qasim (disambiguation).

Mir Qasim (d.&#;8 May ) was the Nawab of Bengal from to He was installed as Nawab with the support of the British East India Company, replacing Mir Jafar, his father-in-law, who had himself been supported earlier by the East India Company after his role in winning the Battle of Plassey for the British.

However, Mir Jafar eventually ran into disputes with the East India Company and attempted to form an alliance with the Dutch East India Company instead. The British eventually defeated the Dutch at Chinsura and overthrew Mir Jafar, replacing him with Mir Qasim.^[1] Qasim too later fell out with the British and fought against them at Buxar.

His defeat has been suggested as a key reason in the British becoming the dominant power in large parts of North and East India.^[2]

Early life and family

Mir Syed Qasim was the son of Mir Muhammad Razi Khan, and claimed descent from Ali al-Ridha.^{[citation needed]} His paternal grandfather, Sayyid Husayn Ridhwi, entered the Mughal Empire during the reign of Aurangzeb, who married him to the daughter of Mir Hadi (Sheikh Sulayman Fazail).

Ridhwi was conferred the title of Imtiaz Khan, and made the Waqia-navis (Interior Minister) and subsequently the Dewan of Bihar.

Mir qasim biography of martin He was able to increase the state revenue by resuming vast amount of lakheraj rent-free lands, by conducting a new survey of land and increasing the rate of land tax. Naturally, the private trade of the company's servants grew apace while that of the Indian merchants dwindled. Swami Vivekananda Biography, Early Life, Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Use dmy dates from February Pages using infobox military person with embed All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June Articles with unsourced statements from September Year of birth unknown.

Qasim's grandfather also wrote Persian poetry under the pen name of Khalis, and a lengthy diwan is attributed to him.^[3]

Qasim was married to Fatima Begum, a daughter of Mir Jafar and Shah Khanum, and a granddaughter of Nawab Alivardi Khan of Bengal.^[4]^[5] Prior to becoming the Nawab of Bengal, he served as the Faujdar of Rangpur for roughly two decades.^[6]

Life

Upon ascending the throne, Mir Qasim rewarded the East India Company with lavish also granted it the right to collect revenue of the districts of Burdwan,Midnapore and Chittagong.^{[citation needed]} However, Qasim soon ran into disputes with the Company over trade issues, as they objected to Qasim's attempt to levy import and export tariffs on their goods.

In particular, they objected to a 9% duty imposed of all foreign traders. The relationship between Qasim and the company slowly deteriorated, and he shifted his capital from Murshidabad to Munger in present-day Bihar where he raised an army, financing his new troops by streamlining tax collection.^[1]

Qasim vigorously opposed the East India Company's position that their Mughal license (a dastak) meant that they could trade without paying taxes (other local merchants with dastaks were required to pay up to 40% of their revenue as tax).

Frustrated at the British refusal to pay these taxes, Mir Qasim abolished taxes on the local traders as well. This upset the advantage that the European traders had been enjoying so far, and hostilities built up.

Mir qasim biography of martin lawrence Indian independence movement. He ousted those zamindars who were reluctant to pay enhanced revenue. Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Use dmy dates from February Pages using infobox military person with embed All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June Articles with unsourced statements from September Year of birth unknown. Chand Publishing.

Mir Qasim invaded the Company offices in Patna in , killing several Europeans including the Resident. Mir Qasim allied with Shuja-ud-Daula of Avadh and Shah Alam II, the incumbent Mughal emperor against the British. However, their combined forces were defeated in the Battle of Buxar in ^[7] Qasim also launched a brief invasion of HinduKingdom of Nepal in during the reign of MaharajadhirajaPrithvi Narayan Shah, the first King of Nepal.

Kanak Singh Baaniya, Chief Minister of Makwanpur, had requested Qasim's intervention against Shah after he had taken Bikram Sen, the king of Makwanpur, hostage. Qasim dispatched a military force under the command of his general Gurgin Khan to invade Nepal.

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Gurgin was swiftly defeated by Shah's army, and retreated.^{[citation needed]}

Unlike Siraj-ud-Daulah before him, Mir Qasim was an effective and popular ruler. Their victory at Buxar established the East India Company as a powerful force in the province of Bengal in a much more real sense than at Plassey seven years earlier and at Bedara five years earlier.

By the East India company had abolished the Nizamat (referring to the Mughal suzerainty) and became completely in charge of the former Mughal province.

Death

Having lost all his men and influence after his defeat at Buxar, Qasim was expelled from his camp by Shuja-ud-Daula on 23 October ; fleeing to Rohilkhand, Allahabad, Gohad and Jodhpur, and eventually settling at Kotwal, near Delhi ca.

^{[citation needed]}

Mir Qasim died in obscurity and abject poverty possibly from dropsy, at Kotwal, near Delhi on 8 May ^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a^bShah, Mohammad (). "Mir Qasim".

In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second&#;ed.).
Mir qasim biography of martin tn
Mir qasim biography of martin short
Mir qasim biography of martin king

Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.

^McLynn, Frank (). The Year Britain Became Master of the World. Grove Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Askari, Syed Hasan (). "Bihar in the time of Aurangzeb". The Journal of the Bihar Research Society.
Mir qasim biography of martin johnson He next began to raise a force of disciplined troops, and to secure himself from undue interference from Calcutta he transferred his capital from the riverine Murshidabad to the hilly district of Monghyr. These abuses ruined the honest Indian traders through unfair competition and deprived the nawab of a very important source of revenue at the moment when he wished to increase it. War broke out between the English and Mir Kasim in as a result of a dispute between the Nawab and Company about transit duties. Mir Qasim nawab of Bengal
32. Bihar Research Society:
^Ali Khan, Syed Muhammad Reza (). The Murshidabad Guide: A Brief Historical Survey of Murshidabad, from to . Shaykh Pear Mohammed.
Mir qasim biography of martin luther But he had mortgaged his country's fortunes for the office: the three districts of Burdwan, Midnapur and Chittagong were assigned to the company for the maintenance of their troops; the outstanding debts of Mir Jafar were to be paid; and two hundred thousand pounds were paid in cash to the Calcutta Council. A regular campaign ensued during the summer of , during which the nawab's new army was defeated in pitched battles at Katwah, Murshidabad, Giria, Sooty, Udaynala, and Monghyr, and he fled to Patna; from there he went to Oudh. Subscribe to Newsletter Learn unknown facts about India from a curated list of informative articles. Swami Vivekananda Biography, Early Life,
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^Mirza, Humayun (). From Plassey to Pakistan: The Family History of Iskander Mirza, the First President of Pakistan. University Press of America. ISBN&#;.
^Majumdar, A. B. ().
Mir qasim biography of martin tn: Moreover, the company's servants illegally sold the dastaks or free passes to friendly Indian merchants who were thereby able to evade the internal customs duties. He also granted it the right to collect revenue of the districts of Burdwan , Midnapore and Chittagong. The Calcutta Council even revolted against a modest 9 percent duty on European traders' private goods as against a duty of 40 percent for the Indians, and refused to admit the right of the local faujdars or police officers to adjudge disputes. South Delhi District is known for its economic, historical, cultural and social significance.
"Note on the northern frontier of Bengal from Murshid Kuli Khan to Warren Hastings". Proceedings. 31. Indian History Congress:
^Gupta, Tapati Das. Through The Ages History & Civics class 8. S. Chand Publishing. ISBN&#;.